Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR DETERMINATION OF THE URBANIZATION EFFECT ON THE FLOOD PEAK MAGNITUDE IN JEDDAH CITY, SAUDI ARABIA تَطبيق الإِستشعار عن بُعد ونُظُم المَعلُومات الجُغرافية لِتحديد تَأثيرالتَوسّع العُمراني على مِقدار ذَروَة الفيضان في مَدينة جَدة بالمَملكةِ العَربيَّة السُّعوديَّة |
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Subject |
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Faculty of Earth Sciences - Geology Engineering |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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Flash floods are one of the most devastating natural disasters because of their rapid occurrence, with almost no warning and tremendous amount of water flowing with high energy. They are a deadly and costly event that can be exacerbated in arid environments. In addition, from an economic standpoint several billion dollars are spent yearly in the design of civil engineering structures. Remote sensing provides an invaluable tool for accurately detecting urban expansion change. Aerial photographs and medium to high resolution satellite data (Landsat TM and ETM+, SPOT-5 and Google Earth) were used in this study. The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of urban growth on flood peak discharge in eastern basins of Jeddah City. There basins are located within Precambrian basement complex. The rocks are cuts by at least three main joint sets. The eastern part of Jeddah area can be divided into eleven basins depending on stream networking. For each basin, the area, perimeter, total stream length, slope, length, relief and their orders were calculated. The study of the morphometric characteristics of basins in Jeddah area had been based on the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Drainage network of the basins exhibits as mainly dendritic type. The population in Jeddah was 30,000 in 1940 and 3.43 million in 2010, which means an increase of 114 times. In the 62 years period, the urban area of Jeddah City attains a net increase of 544.8 km2, and reaches 547 km2 in 2010, which exhibits an increase of 248 times with an annual average expansion of 8.8 km2. Two models are presented, one is a population and the other is urban expansion. In addition, a model that correlates the relation between urban expansion and population. The total annual average rainfall is scarce over the area with about 58 mm mainly in winter and autumn where November has the highest rainfall during the year with an average of 19.1 mm. The effect of urban growth, witnessed between 1990 and 2010 on flood peak discharge is investigated using the Curve Number (CN) method. CN increased from 77 to 89 in 1990 and 81 to 90 in 2010, for normal soil moisture conditions. The SCS-CN together with El-Hames (2012) approach have been used in this study to estimate changes in peak discharge due to urban expansion in Jeddah City between 1990 and 2010. The results showed that the residential part of Jeddah wadis has increased by 57%, 43%, 42% and 32% in Mathwab, Ghalil, Murayyakh south, and Qus, respectively, while the peak discharge has enlarged by 68%, 29%, 41% and 44% in dry soil moisture condition, 31%, 14%, 20% and 20% in normal soil moisture condition and 19%, 9%, 12% and 12% in wet soil moisture condition for the 100 year return period rainfall. This study shows strong positive correlations between peak discharge difference, urbanization and catchment area if the urban expansion takes place over permeable soil, and weak positive correlations if the urban expansion takes place over the rock outcrops. The relations are in the form of numerical formulas that represent change in peak discharge due to urban expansion over soil, rocks, or both at 25, 50 and 100 years return periods, considering dry, normal and wet antecedent moisture conditions. Accordingly, these findings should be taken into account in future urbanization, sustainable development and flood management plans of Jeddah metropolitan area.
Keywords: Flood hazards, Morphometric analysis, Curve number, GIS, Remote Sensing, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. |
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Supervisor |
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Prof. Abdullah Abdulaziz Sabtan |
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Thesis Type |
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Doctorate Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1434 AH
2013 AD |
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Added Date |
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Monday, October 21, 2013 |
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Researchers
| ابراهيم عبد الرحمن الأكحلي | Al-Akhaly, Ibrahim Abdulhamid | Researcher | Doctorate | |
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