Document Details
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Document Type |
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Project |
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Document Title |
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Test studies and the design goals of solid waste in the city of Mecca. دراسات اختبار وتصميم مرامي النفايات الصلبة في مدينة مكة المكرمة. |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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The city of Mecca of the oldest parts of the world at large, and the Haram al-Sharif accepted by all Muslims in the world. The city is located in the basin of the Wadi Ibrahim, in a mountainous area represents the exits of igneous rocks belong to the metamorphic ages of geological protracted periods of pre-Cambrian. The imposition of topographical reality of the city population growth paths, roads and tunnels between the valleys and the impact on systems of different services such as sewerage network to the south.
Mecca is home to about one million people flock every year by millions of pilgrims. Has resulted in ever-increasing population and the pilgrims to the accumulation of municipal solid waste in the current goal in Almaasam, east of Mecca. The organic materials (paper, food scraps and plastic), three-quarters of the total waste. This gives the landfills in Mecca prescription membership compared to the global level. Organic waste and increase the quantity and rate of generation of hazardous gases such as methane and heavy gases such as carbon dioxide. May result in the continued increase in waste in the current goal by more than its capacity (in addition to the usual method of burial, it is now) to environmental damage, prompting the researchers to study the areas surrounding Mecca to locate a new, more suitable for landfill drainage.
The study began as a first stage followed by the selection of the study area, a second stage, to identify sites for waste from the range within which the selected area. After studying aerial photographs available. And topographical maps and routes Anhaddaradtha valleys and, after field inspection of the areas surrounding the city and found that the nature of general decline, as well as wind direction is to the south of Mecca. To prevent the city from contaminants that may be transmitted by wind or ground water district has been chosen as an area south of Mecca, a study identifying the sites of the appropriate goal.
Adopted in the selection of the new site for the health of the landfill within the region selected on the factors:
1 - considerations of climate so as to maintain public health and safety and to protect the city from the contaminants.
2 - the distance from the city center
3 - Tobogervaih paths and valleys in the region
4 - geological and hydrogeological factors
5 - the engineering and design requirements
6 - economic and social considerations and future planning for the region
After reviewing the different possibilities in the region selected in line with the factors mentioned earlier, the two sites were selected in a semi-isolated branches and extends into the valley of angels Almesflh in the south of the North-South direction (Figure 1).
Conducted two studies of the topography and geological and geophysical to differentiate between them. Based on these studies show that both the fission of the signatories of the following positive aspects in terms of appropriateness Kmmermy safe:
1 - both closed from all sides except the entrance and at altitudes beyond 40 meters, a height suitable for engineering design of the net.
2 - rock solid sites wounds and joints where the holes do not exceed 2 mm, and is expected to close in the depths. Therefore not expected to contribute to increased permeability of joints in rock masses.
3 - Preference rocks in the MDGs is an average of 20 degrees. If compared with the angle of friction such as these rocks (35-40 degrees) concludes that the angle of inclination rocky slopes will not cause any mountain falls.
4 - in both goals on soil composed of sand deposits dry g
However, the negative points Anak common in terms of increased permeability, including the bottom of the goal may help the transport of pollutants such as:
1 - The basement rocks chipped at the top and there are faults.
2 - soil, coarse sand gradually Habibi allows liquids to pass through.
In comparing the sites is clear that the location of two angels 1 (West Valley) is the best, with a capacity greater than 75% in addition to the ease of access to it as not far from the road Shumaisi Taif back (by non-Muslims) to more than 500 meters and 17 kilometers from the Haram al-Sharif. Therefore, appropriate design has been proposed for landfill at the site of the desired two angels 1.
Proposed design depends on two considerations:
1 - recycling and waste preparation and method of burial
2 - discharge of dangerous gases is continuous and safe addition to the isolation of liquid contaminants from ground water adjacent to the drugs.
In the first consideration was recommended using high-density bales using a pressure equal to 1000 kg / m 3, which reduces the volume of waste by half and thus increase the life of the Vault into weakness. The bales consist of cubes, dimensions 13:00 م × 1 × 1.5 m and weighing about 1.5 tons and can be rotated more than 50 tons per hour in each of the organs of the pressure. The estimated space required for the burial of waste per year to 50.000 m 2 and it is expected to be sufficient space available at both locations to accommodate the municipal waste for a period of about 15 years to come.
The thickness of the sandy sediments in selected site (two angels 1) 15 meters max. A permeability of the sand, as well as faults in the rock base to contribute to the transfer of pollutants to the Valley of angels next door.
To isolate the gases mentioned in the study recommended the development of the second account of lower insulation (lining) of the material High-density Polyethylene (HPDE) is a flexible material can be furnished on the ground easily. And is to this part of the design the following points:
1 - access to the crushed rock layer and dig the groove in which an elongation of goal.
2 - Develop a drainage pipe in the groove and then a layer of gravel or coarse sand covered with cloth from the top of the ground tissue protection.
3 - This is followed by the base insulating layer consisting of soil Mdcockh topped with a lining, then the sand layer Pedash tissue then another layer of dirt stacked. These classes are designed tendency toward the center of the goal by 3%.
4 - After the cubes are placed waste, above the first consideration, the uniqueness of a thickness of 1 m over the entire area of the goal. Waste and then covered with a layer 20 cm thick sand for protection.
5 - repeat this sequence as a whole consists of 68 burial layer and at altitudes of 40 meters.
6 - digging wells, a network of diameter 45-90 cm and laying pipes with diameters 10-15 cm, to get rid of the gases emitted.
Based on the above data it is clear that the selected site in this study will solve an environmental problem list in Mecca if to take into account the implementation of the proposed design. The selected site is appropriate and based on the specifications used for safety and to protect the environment. |
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Publishing Year |
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1417 AH
1997 AD |
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Added Date |
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Wednesday, April 30, 2008 |
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Researchers
| محمد حسين بسيوني | basiouni, mohammed hussein | Investigator | Doctorate | |
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